Aural Perception Skills

First Song: Jeff Buckley - "Hallelujah"

1. Identify the chords in this song from 1:00 to 1:45.

• C major- A minor - C major - A minor

• F major - G major - C major - G major -C major -F major - G major - A minor - F major - G minor - A minor - F major - A minor - G major - C major

2. Explain how these chords help to convey the meaning of the words of the song.

The reason why the song sounds sad is because it is in a minor key.

3. There is a chord (under the word "composing) that could be named in two different ways. Name both ways and explain which you prefer, giving reasons for your answer.

The chords under the word "composing" are G# or Ab, and the one I prefer is the Ab chord and the reason why is because I'm familiar with that chord or flats chords because I always add flat chords in my songs.

Second Song: Pink Floyd - "Shine On You Crazy Diamond"

1. At 3:56, a 4-note motif is played on the guitar. Name the 4 notes and the 3 intervals formed by them.

Bb - F - G - E

The three intervals formed by them are:

2. The first three notes suggest a chord - What is this?

With the notes G - Bb - D make the minor chord G.

3. After a while, the chord underneath the notes changes. To what?

It changes to C major 

St. Paul's Suite IV.Finale (The Dargasson)

1. What is the time signature?

This piece is in 2/4

2. Notate or describe the rhythm of the main theme (the theme is made up of a rhythmic motif that keeps repeating, you need only describe it once.

It moves quickly to the second beat.

3. Another tune comes in after about a minute. How has the composer combined the different speed/rhythm of the two tunes? (You may describe it or notate it.)

There's not much going on, it's simple yet poise, accompanied by the fast melody.

Business Plan (EP)

Business Plan for releasing an EP

Releasing an EP is not like a full album because it does not have the same amount of tracks, an EP has less tracks than an full album and you will spend less money if you decide release an EP instead of a full album, so that's one of the reasons why I wanna release an EP, because it will costs me less money and because I want people to know about me, to know about my music and the songs I write, to know about my style and to know what I am capable of as an musician.

• Like I said before, an EP has less tracks than a full album, it has a total of 5 songs in it. So the first thing I will do is to write more Pop/R&B songs if I need, pick the best ones that I feel like the audience will connect with them, then get into a recording studio and record the 5 songs I wrote. After recording my 5 five songs as MP3 I will upload them onto Bandcamp, because it is a great worldwide website where you can share all your songs and also because you can make money through Bandcamp.

• The 5 songs I will be picking for my EP will have to connect with the audience, it needs to be songs that people like, that people enjoy listening to and they need to be in different tempos, not just slow songs or fast songs, it need to be in different tempos and styles, for example, the songs I would pick for my EP would be fast tempo such as Electro or Pop/Ballad and it would be good time songs, and and the slow tempo ones would be Pop/R&B. Writing songs in difference styles and tempos will call attention to your music because people will see that you are not stuck in just one music genre.

• Even though releasing an EP will costs less money than a full album, you still need to think how much you are going to spend with it, because if you want your EP to contain good quality then you will have to spend a little more money but it is worth though because releasing an EP is one of the best ways to connect you to the public but the public needs to have a good first impression of your work, so it means the quality of the sound of your music needs to be good by doing that you will show the public you're professional and that you work hard to make your music sound good. If you want to release an EP it means you will need money and to have money you will need a job and if you have a job then you can save up to buy the stuff you need, for example, I'm saving up to buy a Mac book pro so then I can buy from apple store Logic Pro 9. It is good if you know how to use software like 'Logic Pro' because you won't have to spend money booking up a recording studio so you can record your music. As it says on the Logic Pro website 'Whether you’re a professional or play in your garage, Logic Pro 9 gives you everything you need to write, record, edit and mix music.' PLUS if you have friends that are producers like me you won't need to spend any money to edit and mix your music.

• After spending all this time writing songs, picking the best ones, and then recording them in a good quality for the public, you will have to think and focus on the artwork. What you will need for this will be a photographer and a digital designer. Making friends with people who works with music will help you a lot because you won't have to spend to much money, for example, I have have friends that are producers, that have music studio and also some friends that are photographers and for this part of the artwork he would definitely help me and because of that I won't spend much money or maybe I won't spend any money at all and all I need to do is contact my photographer friend and hire him to help me with the EPs artwork.

•  I've already chosen the 5 songs I want for my EP, they are already recorded in a good quality, edited and mixed and the artwork is done, so it means that the final step of releasing an EP will be promoting it. After doing all this you can set a official release date so then people know when your EP is going to be released, a good smart thing do to post onto your social networks the release date such as facebook, twitter, instagram or sharing with friends and asking them to share with other people or what you can also do is to upload on soundcloud or youtube a demo of 15 seconds of your some of the 5 songs you've chosen for your EP. Social networking such as Twitter or instagram where you can hashtag can help you to get to know about you, your music and specially you listen to your EP after the release date. Best places to get people to listen to your stuff are in open mics or live performances at gigs, it is also good people will not just listen to your singing they will also see what you are like as a performer as a musician.

• After releasing your EP a great thing to do is to start uploading videos on youtube of your songs, making music videos or working with other artists that plays the same music as you because their fans you will start listening to your music and you will get more audience and it will purchase your work getting more people to listen to it. After performing in open mics or live performances at gigs, start selling your stuff outside the gig so then people can still listen to your music, also, make an official website where you can put all the links for your social networking, where people can listen to your songs, see photos and videos, merch and performance dates with the time and place of where you're going to be performing, you should also show the performance dates on your facebook, twitter and other social network account to get more poeple to see you and your work.

Finding Faults

The Beatles - Yer Blues

 

• At 2:21 the vocalist sings 'Oh girl you know the reason why' he doesn't come in time.

 

• When listening to this song with a headphones you can notice that the sound of the drums go more to the left ear than the right one.

• The guitar solo at the end is off beat, not playing in time with the drums.

• From 2:29 till the end of the song, the sound of the drums still on the left ear and the guitar solo sound goes more to the right ear while the bass stays in the middle.

• In my opinion the instruments are a bit louder than the vocals.

 

Love - You Set The Scene

 

• You will notice that you can only hear the guitar in one ear which is on the right ear and the sound of the bass and drums goes to the left ear.

• The vocals can be heard in both ears so the sound it is in the middle.

• At 1:56 when the guitar is doing semi quavers there is part of it that sounds like the guitarist forgot to play the last note.

•  In my opinion the vocals are low for this song.

• The drums and bass are a bit loud and it seems tlike they are the main instruments in this piece.

• When listening to this song using the earphones/headphones there is a distortion on the right ear.

I Live In A Dream - Weird War

• In this pieces the vocals harmonies are not in tune.

• The instruments are louder than the vocals and because of that it's a bit hard to hear the vocals.

 



Term 3 - Song Analysis

The Veronicas - Untouched

This is the song I will be talking about which is Untouched by The Veronicas and in my opinion this song is all about the instruments and what each of them are doing.

Instrumentation:

• Cellos
• Violins
• Electric Guitar
• Electric Bass
• Drums Kit
• Vocals

About the Song

The Instruments opening the song are the Cellos and the Violins, both instruments are playing the same thing at the same time. The chords they are playing lasts for 2 seconds but then when they play the chords there are a reverberation going on which lasts for 3 seconds till they repeat the chords again.

Then the instruments joining the intro are the Electric Drums kit and the Synth and they come in in the intro at the same time. What the Synth is doing is just playing single notes which are:

C#-G-G#-G-C#

C-G-G#-G-C

D#-G-G#-G-C#

C#-G-G#-G-G#-G-C#

The synth keep playing that same counter melody in some of the parts of the song, for example, in the intro, verses and middle 8. In the middle 8, the Synth gains a solo part which lasts for few seconds and what it is doing is just playing the same counter melody till the end of the middle 8.

The beats of the drums and the counter melody of the Synth gives the intro a different feel to it because before when there were just the strings (Cellos and Violins) playing you feel like it's going to be a goth song because of the style of the music video, but after the Drums and Synth joins it, the song starts changing and sounding more Electropop specially seconds later when the electric instruments such as Electric guitar and Electric bass joins it to give more feel to it.

At 0:33 the vocals are added to the song and that's when the verse starts. Listening to the vocals you will notice that there's a bit of echo in it which makes the song sound more interesting, specially because it is a Electropop song because in Electro songs most of the artists and bands add effect to their vocals to fit with the music they are playing.

In the end of the verse they add a effect to it which I can't explain what it is but it makes the vocals and the instruments sound more clear and the effect focus more on the vocals which puts it in the front of the instruments.

In chorus of the song there is not much to say because there isn't any effect in the vocals or in the instruments.

Things you will notice in the song are: 
• from the Intro of the song to the last chorus the electric drums kit does not change what he is playing, so he keeps playing the same things all the way through.

• The Electric guitar and the Electric don't change what the playing, they just keep repeating the same chords in the chorus the only time they change is in the Outro which is just the instruments.

In my opinion the song is more about the instrumentation than the lyrics and that is because of the counter melody coming from the Synth which is really important in the song because if they didn't have it, the song would just sound boring so it makes a difference, also the Cellos and Violins are very important in this music piece because of the melody phrase in the intro, they keep repeating it in some parts of they song which fills in the empty spaces.

Royalties

 What are Royalties?

Royalties are how most of the Artist, composers and songwriters get most of their money. Royalties are paid when a artist's track or composer's track are played on TV, commercials, films, public performances, played on the radio, broadcast, etc.

There are some people that believe that if you have re-mixed another artist's track you will be paid the same amount as the others but it is not true, what happen is, if you have re-mixed another artist's track you will just be paid a pre-arranged one-off sum.

The only way you find to collect your royalties is by signing up to a collection agency. In the music industry there are three different types of collection agencies and they are called PPL, PRS and MCPS.

Phonographic Performance Limited - PPL

What PPL does is to collect royalties from performances/broadcast of recordings, for example, if you have a guitar/piano/bass session in a song which means you will have to play something on the recording of that song they're working on, will get royalties from the PPL because you had a session player on that recording, but if you do not perform on the recording then you won't get anything from PLL.

If you wan to join PPL, just go on the website http://www.ppluk.com/, you don't need to worry if you have to pay for it because it is free. PPL also collect royalties from other countries in can be in America, Europe, Asia and Africa.

Performing Right Society - PRS

What PRS does is to collect royalties from the performance of the music to the writer of music best known as songwriter.

If you perform on a piece of music written by someone else, you won't be paid any royalties by PRS because you only performed on the song you didn't help with the lyrics giving ideas etc, so only the person who wrote the song will get paid because he/she is the actual writer of the song.

Different from PPL, you will have to pay if you want to join PRS and it only costs £10 for life and the money £10 you will spend joinning PRS will be deduced from your first payment.

On this collection agency the payments are made in April, July, October and December but that is only going to happen if you have made a minimum of £30 with PRS and this rule by PRS was introduced in the music industry in October 2006 and that is because they want to save administration costs which lowered payments.

License

If places like concert venues, pubs, clubs, bars, or any other place where live music is played, play live music to get people to come to their place, they'll have to pay the PRS for the license to play the songs they are using.

Mechanical Copyright Protection Society - MCPS

What MCPS does is to collect royalties from the sales of recordings to the owners of the copyright for that recording.

Unpublished composers can also get MCPS royalties.

If you have a publishing deal working for you, your publisher will collect it for you if you only perform on a recording you can't have royalties from MCPS.

What about TV & Films?

When any of your songs are used in a film, or on TV (commercials, novels, adverts etc), it earns you money and you will be paid for that because people are using your stuff.

the publishers will allow the other company which is the company who wants to use your stuff, to license your song for a synchronisation fee.

Bibliography:

• https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8F-sfxQHEyCSTMxczFObnJGbUk/edit?usp=sharing
• http://www.venturenavigator.co.uk/content/499
• http://www.ppluk.com/
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/filmnetwork/filmmaking/guide/before-you-start/music-rights

Textures and Acoustic Environment

Textures and Acoustic Environment

 

 

(Track 1)

Pitt State Marching Band - Gangnam Style

 

1. Are the stands having any impact on the music/sound? If so, what?

Yes, the stands are having an impact on the music/sound because if there weren't any stands in the stadium the sound coming from the brass instruments wouldn't hit the stands and then bounce back and people wouldn't hear properly what is being played.

There are some reverb/echo on this track and that is because of the place where they are performing which is big and outdoor, the sound can travels everywhere in this atmosphere but because of the stands in both sides of the stadium the sound waves is bouncing off the walls to the other side which is making the slight hearing of reverb/echo.

2. Why do marching bands have so many instruments, and loud ones!

The reason why Marching bands have so many loud instruments is because the places where they usually perform are open air places, stadiums, big environments and for people to hear clearly what they are playing they need instruments where you don't need to use an amp to make it louder, for example, there's no electric guitar in a marching bands because the only way for you to hear an electric guitar in open place is if you use the amp to plug it in, so that's why they have loud instruments, so that's why they have a lot of loud instruments because if not then people would struggle to hear what is being played.

3. Is this music suitable for the acoustic environment? Why?

Yes, the music is suitable for the acoustic environment and the reason why is because in marching bands there aren't only 5 people or less, there are loads of people and they need big places to fit them all together.

The music they are playing is 'Gangnam Style' and it is up lifting which means that people when listen to it they feel like singing along, happy, want to dance and is good for marching bands to play in stadium because the energy and the mood of the people who are watching are happy and energetic and will support them.

 

 

(Track 2)

Phoenix - Lisztomania (Live at 89.3 The Current)

 

4. Can you hear any reverberation. Do you think that comes from the room or might there be some digital reverb? Give reasons for your answer.

Yes, there is reverberation,it is not digital it is naturally coming from the room and what is causing the reverb is the vocals because the studio where they are has a lot of room, the distance from one wall to another is long and also the ceiling and because of that the sound of the vocals is going around the room and bounces off the surfaces around and you can hear it when the guitars stop playing for a bit and only the piano and vocals are playing.

5. Do you think the guitars are recorded through a mic or down a line?

The guitar is being recorded through a mic, but in my opinion because there are not much things going on and there are no drums or bass on this track and they don't necessarily need to use the mics to catch the sound of the acoustic guitar because the guitar itself has your natural acoustic sound witch comes from the sound hole of it.

6. Describe the texture of the music. Does the acoustic environment suit the music?

The acoustic environment suits the music because the music itself doesn't have much things going on and the only instruments are acoustic guitar, keyboard and vocals and because the environment where they are is quite well for them and don't have that much thing in it the sound coming from the instruments and the vocals are clean, maybe because of the quality of the mics they are using and because the acoustic guitar and keyboard are not too loud or to quite, they are all with the right volume where you can hear all clearly and what they are doing.

 

 

(Track 3)

Allegri: Miserere - Choir of St Paul's Cathedral - Jeremy Budd, Soprano

Describe the texture of the music (it is not the same throughout so mention where it changes.

Is the music suitable for the space / is the space suitable for the music?

The are a lot of things going on in this track , the beginning of it is homophonic because there are loads of people singing the same lines but in different pitch and the different harmonies, then the texture of this piece changes because in the middle of it there are only two people singing it which is called polyphonic and then it goes back to all the people singing together.

Because the place where they are is a church which is a place where there are loads of spaces between the walls and the ceiling to the floor there will be reverberation.

The harmony of the choirs singing are very rich and very together. the way they sing is almost very slurred and in unison among each other voices and i think the slurring gives the whole song life and full of contrast. There are a lot of dynamics that go on in this song, during the middle of the piece there is a slight change of singing where the male voices sing in unison while the female vocals come in slowly (crescendo in - quiet to loud)

Roles & Contracts (Live Performance - Tour Manager & Booking Agent)

Tour Manager

What do they do?

In the music industry the tour manager is the person who is going to take care of the band or artist, be their mom/dad and take care of everything for them during their tour, be in charge of all the details during the tour. For example, they will have to sort out the transports and hotels, booking crew, make sure the artist is at the venue on time for their performance and spend a lot of time on the phone.

Job Description:

 

Duties

The responsibilities of the tour managers when they are on tour with their artist/band are:

• Deals with promoters, managers, ticket agents
• Look after the band/artist 24 hours when they're on tour.
• Confirm shows
• Make sure the artist is on that for their concerts.
• Sort out the transport for when the band/artist arrives at the venue and for when they leave.
• Prepare band and crew schedule sheets for the next day.

Skills

The skills you will needed to be a tour manager are:

• Speaking skills: That's the most important skill you will need, because you will be contacting and talking to people all the time.
• Listening skills
• Be able to work with other people because in the music industry you can work by yourself there will always be someone you will have to work with and sometimes is someone you don't like, and if you can't then music is not for you.
• Business skills.
• If working abroad, then it's good if you can speak more than just your own language.

Salary/Hours/Working Environment

The salary of a tour manager variates, if you are just starting out on the business then your salary will be around £500 per week, if you are an well-established tour manager you will receive around £1,000 per week and if you are successful then your salary will be £2,000 per week.

Tour manager works 24 hours per day, because he needs to be always available for their artist/band, and also to organise and sort out things.

A tour manager doesn't have a working environment, he/she is always on the road and on the phone managing their artist band stuff.

 

Working conditions/Appearance

Tour managers will deal with long hours of work and need to travel long miles, Periods of time away from home may have an impact on your personal life but that's the tour manager and he/she needs to be physically fit and health because when they're on tour they won't stop, that's the life of an tour manager, and he/she will spend more time working and sleeping in differences hotels.

Tour managers will be in every single show of their artist/band to support them and look smart because there might be people at the venue to talk to about the artist or something.

Pros

If you are a well experienced tour manager then you will get a high salary because of your experience you had working  with other artists.

Tour managers spend most of their time away from home, because they need to take care of the band when they are on tour and because he will be travelling long miles for work but even though  it is tough, who doesn't enjoy travelling to new cities you've never been before, so for the tour manager may be fun visiting new cities all the time.

Cons

One of the disadvantages of being a tour manager is that you will be responsible for everything that happens during the tour and everyone who's part of it, which means if something during the tour or to the artist/band or the performance, the first person to be blamed will be the tour manager. Another disadvantages which was mentioned before, was the tour manager being away from their family for months because they need to travel and be with their artist all the time during their tour taking care of everything for them.

Contract
Tour managers contract are usually freelance or fixed-term contracts, but most of them are freelance (they are self-employed) and work on short-term contracs, and the contracts usually lasts the whole summer season but sometimes tour managers can work all year round.
For the tour manager be working in the summer seasons is great because that's when they just started and they will have work to do, because when the winter season comes they will have much less work to do.
During winter season, tour managers should  maintain a full-time working career such as teach English so they can make some money when they are not on tour with their artists.

 

Booking Agent

 

What do they do?

 Booking Agents are the people who connect the artist/band with their fans by setting the artists or band's date at the appropriate place where they perform which is the venues, they locate gigs for their artists. When a new band or solo artist decides it's their time to go on a tour, they will hire a booking agent to hep them with the schedule shows in the cities they will be visiting/performing.

The booking agents also works with other areas such as promoters and record labels to make sure that the artist or band they are working with are being shown to the public in the correct way so the people will know who the artist is and to listen to their work.

Job Description:

Duties

The responsibilities of the booking agent are:

• Discussing about how much the artist is going to earn from the venue.
• They'll be in the charge of organising and booking press releases.
• They look out for new talents, by going to where they usually perform to see if they're good or not.
• They try get as many bands as they can, to get larger fees and more profits.

Skills

The skills you will needed to be a booking agent are:

• Be able to work under pressure because you will have to be prepared if the gig doesn't work as planned.
• Be able to work for long hours.
• Have excellent communication skills because most of the time you will be on the phone trying to sign one contract.
• Marking abilities, because as a booking agent you will be trying to sell your artist or band.
• Your negotiation skills have to be excellent, specially when you are working with promoters and venues, because you will spend time negotiating to try to get the best deal for paying for your artist's performances.
• Be able to manage well your own imes and the time of others (Bands/Artists).

 

Salary/Hours/Working Environment

The salary of a booking agent per year is between £13,000 to £39,000 but it variates, booking agents can earn more than that, it depends on how many gigs their artist is doing and how well paid they are.

Booking agents working hours would be between 7-9 hours of work, because they spend a lot of time on the phone negotiationg something or out looking for new artist by watching bands or solo artist non stop.

Their working environment is on the office talking on the phone or scouting for new artist/bands.

 

Pros

One of the good things of being a booking agent is that because will be going around, scouting for new talents, you have the opportunity to watch & attending live gigs all the time to see how the artist are and through their music learn about them.

Booking agents don't just work with booking agents, they also work with promoters, managers, the aritsts, and with all of them the booking agent needs to have a good relationship with because all of them has the same goal which is make the artist known worldwide so people know his/her music.

 

Cons

One of the disadvantages of being a booking agent working independently is that you will be working between 7-9 hours and you won't get much money and sometimes you won't receive any more at all but as I said that is only going to happen if you are working independently.

Some people have the courage of starting from the beginning and working independently, but it's best for you if you start working in a large talent agency because the opportunities you will have working in a large talent agency people know is that working hard and focused you can get a big opportunity to start dealing with major artist.